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How do map projections, computer maps, or topographic maps?

How do map projections, computer maps, or topographic maps represent and provide information about earth surface

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1. The topographic maps detail the geography of an area. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_map Computer maps often use statistical tools like the sctterplots to show trends. An example would be a dot where every robbery took place in a city last year. Map projections try to show a multidimensional plane. If the map must remain two dimensional, then the image will be distorted for accuracy. An example would be how some maps show Greenland appearing larger than South America, but South America is nine times larger. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_projection