1. Which of the following is NOT an area where maritime tropical air masses that affect North America originate? (1 point) Gulf of Mexico Caribbean Sea Hudson Bay Atlantic Ocean 2. In Figure 20-1, which of the following is characteristic of the air mass labeled F? (1 point) hot and dry hot and wet hot in summer both a and c 3. In Figure 20-1, which air masses would be associated with cold, wet conditions? (1 point) A and E B and D A and D G and F 4. Lake-effect snow is associated with which air mass? (1 point) mT cP mP cT 5. When an active cold front overtakes a warm front, ____. (1 point) the fronts cancel each other out cloud formation ceases an occluded front forms a stationary front forms 6. Along a front, which type of air is always forced upwards? (1 point) cooler, denser air warmer, less dense air the driest air the wettest air 7. How does surface air flow in a middle-latitude cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere? (1 point) divergent and clockwise divergent and counterclockwise convergent and clockwise convergent and counterclockwise 8. The greatest number of thunderstorms occur in the ____. (1 point) middle latitudes tropics mountains high latitudes 9. Which of the following would likely have the greatest range of pressure? (1 point) tornado middle-latitude cyclone hurricane All have the same pressure. 10. Hurricanes form in tropical waters between the latitudes of ____. (1 point) 0 and 5 degrees 5 and 20 degrees 20 and 30 degrees 30 and 40 degrees 11. The eye of a hurricane has the ____. (1 point) highest wind speeds warmest temperatures most intense rainfall highest air pressure 12. What two factors are used to classify climate in the Köppen climate classification system? (1 point) temperature and air pressure elevation and latitude temperature and precipitation precipitation and location 13. Which type of climate has no winters? (1 point) humid tropical dry polar highland 14. Where are dry-summer tropical climates found in the United States? (1 point) California Arizona Texas Utah 15. According to Figure 21-1, which statement best describes precipitation patterns for St. Louis, Missouri? (1 point) Most precipitation falls during winter. Summer months are wettest. Monthly rates of precipitation never exceed 10 cm. There is a distinct dry period. 16. Another name for a semi-arid climate is ____. (1 point) desert highland tundra steppe 17. What happens to air when it sinks? (1 point) It expands and cools. It becomes wetter. It compresses and warms. Its pressure decreases. 18. Which climate experiences seasonal periods of perpetual night? (1 point) humid tropical humid mid-latitude highland polar 19. How does volcanic ash in Earth’s atmosphere affect solar radiation? (1 point) It increases the amount of solar radiation that reaches Earth’s surface. It increases the amount of solar radiation that is absorbed by oceans and lakes. It increases the amount of solar radiation that is reflected into space. all of the above 20. A very small tilt in Earth’s axis would likely cause ____. (1 point) large seasonal variations in temperature small seasonal variations in temperature short-term climate changes no climate changes 21. Which greenhouse gas is the most powerful absorber of radiation emitted by Earth? (1 point) carbon dioxide methane nitrogen water vapor 22. During the twentieth century, Earth’s average surface temperature ____. (1 point) increased decreased stayed the same fluctuated wildly 23. Shoreline erosion and coastal flooding are two consequences of ____. (1 point) increased rates of evaporation a global rise in sea level volcanic eruptions the greenhouse effect 24. Which statement best explains why global warming may lead to an increase in the number and intensity of hurricanes? (1 point) Sea level will rise. Ocean temperatures will increase. The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will increase. Droughts will decrease. Note: your teacher will grade your responses to questions 25–26 to ensure you receive proper credit for your answers. 25. Describe the formation of the four types of fronts and the weather associated with each. (4 points) 26. How does the burning of fossil fuels influence global temperature? How might the change in temperature affect other parts of Earth, such as the hydrosphere and biosphere? (2 points)